Informatics Publishing Limited

Rohit N. Devikar ¹, D. V. Patil ², V. Chandraprakash ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Computer Science and Engineering, K. L. University, Vaddeswaram, Guntur - 522502, Andhra Pradesh, IN
2 Department of Computer Engineering, R. H. Sapat College of Engineering, Nasik - 422005, Maharashtra, IN

Abstract

Objectives: Nowadays the Internet has become vital to each and every one. It is sensitive to link failures and node failures due to many reasons in the network connectivity. Any change in the node or link may change the routing table of many nodes. Due to this change, the routing table of many nodes may be unstable. These failures lead to increase the convergence time of network. The paper focused on reducing the convergence time of network. Methods-In this research paper, we have proposed a novel approach that keeps the value of Minimum Route Advertisement Interval (MRAI) timer fickle. In this approach, depending on the position of receiver, the value of the MRAI timer is varying. In this research, if more than one route is available to reach the destination then we have used the soft computing approach so that the load is balanced over all the paths that are reaching to the destination to avoid the congestion. Result: The approach used in this paper focuses on fast network convergence and maximum link utilization. The Fickle MRAI used in the network for reducing the convergence time up to 5 second, also the use of load balancing approach to improve link utilization of the network. Conclusion: The proposed work improves fast network convergence and utilization of bandwidth as the traffic flows from the entire shortest paths in the network.

Keywords

Autonomous System, Border Gateway Protocol, Congestion Control, Load Balancing

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A. V. Rajani ¹, D. V. Patil ², H. K. Shobhana ³, J. N. Naria ⁴, B. A. Golakiya ³

Affiliations
1 Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Soil Science, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh (Gujarat), IN
2 Department of Agricultural Statistics, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh (Gujarat), IN
3 Department of Bio Chemistry, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh (Gujarat), IN
4 Cotton Research Centre, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh (Gujarat), IN

Abstract

Available status of P in LTFE soils was decreased after long run, but that was also increased in treatments where FYM application was there i. e. T₈ and T₉. There was overall increase in inorganic-P and total-P status, but status of available-P decreased due to calcareous soil, but due to chelating effect of organic material in treatments T₈ and T₉ there was increase in the availability of phosphorus after long run in the LTFE soils. Available-P status of LTFE soil at initial stage was low in category (<28 Kg P₂O₅ ha^-1) in most of the treatments, after long run (8^th year) it was more decreased except in treatments which were received FYM (T₈ and T₉). Due to application of FYM available status of P₂O₅ in LTFE soil increased up to high category (>56 Kg P₂O₅ ha^-1) from low category. After a span of 8 years most of the fractions of phosphorus depleted negatively i.e. increased in status, but there was also found positive depletion in case of Al-P, Fe-P, Ca-P and available-P, it might be attributed to transformation of phosphorus and plant uptake as an available-P. Application of FYM also prevents depletion in available-P status of soil.

Keywords

AICRP-LTFE Soils, Total Phosphorus, Total Inorganic Phosphorus, Organic Phosphorus, Fractions of the Inorganic-P, Saloid Bound-P, Al-P, Fe-P, Reductant Soluble-P, Occluded-P And Calcium-P.

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A. V. Rajani ¹, D. V. Patil ², J. N. Naria ³, B. M. Butani ⁴, B. A. Golakiya ⁵

Affiliations
1 Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Soil Science, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh (Gujarat), IN
2 Department of Agricultural Statistics, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh (Gujarat), IN
3 Cotton Research Centre, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh (M.S.), IN
4 Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Soil Science, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh (Gujarat), IN
5 Department of Bio Chemistry, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh (Gujarat), IN

Abstract

In case of sulphur status of LTFE soils, FYM played a vital role. It maintained availability of sulphur in soils, but more increment after a long run was observed in T₁₁, where P source was SSP which contains 13% S. Total-S content of LTFE soils increased after a span of 8 years, but it was reversed in case of heat soluble-S, that was decreased after 8 years, except in treatments which received FYM and inorganic-P as a SSP (13% S). It was required to apply S fertilization every year and application of FYM for maintaining available status of soils at long run. Water soluble fraction of sulphur declined very much after 8 years of groundnut-wheat cropping sequence as compared to initial status, but it remained stable in treatments T₄ and T₁₁ which received sulphur from outside sources like ZnSO₄ and SSP. Whereas organic-S status of LTFE soils increased after a span of 8 years, it might be due to incorporation of plant residues to the soils from crop ischolar_mains and stubbles. Sulphate-S in LTFE soils increased after 4^th year and then remained stable except in T₂ and T₃ where depletion in this fraction was noticed perhaps due to the interaction with phosphorus. Non-sulphate-S fraction found significantly the highest in the treatments which received sulphur from outside as ZnSO₄ and SSP (T₄ and T₁₁). In case of heat soluble-S, there was overall decrease in soil status after 4^th year as compared to initial status and after word it maintained level with initial status, but in treatments of FYM and SSP it was increased as compared to initial status after 8^th year of experiment. Whereas total-S status of LTFE soil increased after a span of 8 years. The increment was more in treatments which were received sulphur from fertilizer sources i.e. T₄ and T₁₁. It was required to apply S fertilization every year and application of FYM for maintaining available status of soils at long run. Depletion per cent of sulphur noted positive in case of water soluble-S and it was negative or very low in treatments which received sulphur from fertilizers i. e. T₁₁ and T₄. Most of the other fractions of sulphur were not depleted in most of the treatments.

Keywords

AICRP-LTFE Soils, Sulphur Fractions, Total Sulphur, Organic Sulphur, Sulphate Sulphur, Water Soluble Sulphur, Heat Soluble Sulphur, Non-Sulphate Sulphur.

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A. V. Rajani ¹, D. V. Patil ², B. M. Butani ¹, J. N. Naria ³, B. A. Golakiya ⁴

Affiliations
1 Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Soil Science, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh (Gujarat), IN
2 Department of Agricultural Statistics, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh (Gujarat), IN
3 Cotton Research Centre, Unagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh (Gujarat), IN
4 Department of Bio Chemistry, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh (Gujarat), IN

Abstract

With respect to forms of nitrogen it can be deduced that there was a declined in soil nitrogen levels. Ammonical-N and Nitrate-N status of LTFE soils in general decreased after long run, but it increased in the treatment T₁₀ due to fixation of atmospheric nitrogen by Rhizobium bacteria. Whereas available-N status in treatments which received FYM (T₈ and T₉), marginally increased. At initial stage of experiment (1^st year) available nitrogen status of LTFE soils falls under medium range (250-500 kg N ha^-1), but after 4^th year it decreased to lower range (<250 Kg N ha^-1) in most of the treatments and then after 8^th year all treatments exhibited low range of available nitrogen status in soil, except treatments which received FYM (T₈ and T₉) which showed medium range in available-N status of LTFE soils. It was established here that for maintaining N fertility of soil at long run, addition of FYM is essential with inorganic fertilizers. In LTFE soils the per cent depletion of different forms of nitrogen was interesting under all treatments. The total-N and O. C. showed negative depletion after a span of 8 year and available-N exhibited positive depletion in all treatments.

Keywords

Nitrogen Fraction, Total Nitrogen, Ammonical Nitrogen, Nitrate Nitrogen, O.C., Available Nitrogen, AICRP-LTFE Soils.

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K. S. Pujari ¹, D. V. Patil ², Akash Maney ¹, A. Abhishek ¹, K. Kartik ¹, H. Chetan ¹

Affiliations
1 Welding Research Center, KLS VDRIT, Haliyal, IN
2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Research Center, SDMCET, Dharwad, IN

Abstract

The most attractive properties of aluminum and its alloys which make them suitable for a wide variety of applications are their light weight, appearance, frabricability, strength, and corrosion resistance. Among aluminium alloys AA7075 alloy has many attractive properties compared to other alloy it is economical and versatile to use this is the reason it is very widely used in the aerospace, automobile and other industries. AA7075 aluminum alloys are important structural materials due to their high strength and increased strength to weight ratio. The effects of Sc addition on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the AA7075 wrought zinc alloy were investigated by using optical microscope, scanning electron microscopy, and tensile testing. The experimental results show that a minor Sc addition to AA7075 alloy has an obvious effect on the refinement of the microstructure of the AA7075 alloy. During casting, incomplete dynamic recrystallization occurs in all the alloys, and the recrystallized grains become much finer with increasing Sc addition. The ultimate tensile strengths of AA7075 evidently increase with the addition of Sc, but the elongations decrease. The AA7075 alloy with 0.23% (weight fraction) Sc addition is found to have the tensile strength of about 468.8 MPa and the yield strength of about 324.3 MPa. Further by T6 tempering heat treatment, the tensile strength of the alloy containing 0.23% Sc is increased to 485.8 MPa and yield strength 335.49 Mpa.

Keywords

AA 7075 Alloy, Grain Refinement, Tensile Properties, Heat Treatment, Scandium.

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K. S. Pujari ¹, D. V. Patil ², Gurunath Mewundi ¹, Prajakta S. Patil ¹

Affiliations
1 Welding Research Center, KLS VDIT, Haliyal, IN
2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, SDMCET Research Center, Dharwad, IN

Abstract

The mathematical model is developed to predict pulsed gas tungsten arc welded (GTAW) joints of AA 7075-T6 aluminium alloy. The mathematical model is developed by incorporating the process parameters like peak current, base current, welding speed, and pulse on time. All the experiments were conducted on the basis of four factors, four levels Composite Design Matrix. In this study an attempt is made to develop mathematical model by preplacing the filler wire in to the weld groove. The optimized GTAW process parameters illustrate that improvement in the tensile properties of welded joints. A mathematical model were developed at 95% confidence level and tested for adequacy. The developed model can be used in industry for predicting tensile strength of AA 7075-T6 aluminium alloy joints. The results shows that welding speed greatest influence on tensile strength subsequently with peak current, pulse on time, and base current when filler wire placed in to the weld groove before starting the welding.

Keywords

Gas Tungsten Arc Welding Method (GTAW) AA7075-T6 Aluminium Alloy, Response Surface Methodology, Central Composite Design Matrix, Ultimate Tensile Strength, Optimization.

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